This framework highlights the critical roles that broad social, economic, and political factors (e.g. The Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative's theoretical foundations are based on a conceptual framework originally developed by the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health Footnote 8. It is intended to support surveillance and research activities, inform policy and program decision making to more effectively reduce health inequalities, and enable the monitoring of progress in this area over time. The Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative aims to strengthen health inequalities measurement, monitoring, and reporting capacity in Canada. It is a product of the Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative, a collaborative undertaking by the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, Statistics Canada, and the Canadian Institute for Health Information. This report describes the magnitude and distribution of key health inequalities in Canada, a critical step in facilitating action to advance health equity.
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Where inequalities in health outcomes or in access to the resources that support health are systematic (that is, the patterns of difference are consistently observable between population groups) and can plausibly be avoided or ameliorated by collective action, they may be deemed unjust and inequitable Footnote 5 Footnote 6 Footnote 7. Such inequalities affect peoples' chances of achieving and maintaining good health over their lifetimes Footnote 4. Many of these inequalities are the result of individuals' and groups' relative social, political, and economic disadvantages. A specific dosimetric model for the reference adult pregnant woman, which is characterized by adult breathing and consumption rates and adult dose factors, was used for estimating the doses to the fetus due to an intake of radioactive material by a pregnant woman.Health inequalities in Canada exist, are persistent, and in some cases, are growing Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 3. For inadvertent ingestion of soil (e.g., eating with dirty hands), the intake rates typical of a child playing outside arc combined with the dose factors for an infant. For ingestion of food, milk, and water, a dosimetric model for reference 1-y-old infants (1-2 y), characterized by infant consumption rates and dose factors, provides a reasonable upper bound for all age groups. For inhalation, a dosimetric model for reference adult men characterized by adult breathing rates and dose factors provides a reasonable upper bound of the dose to all age groups. For the intake of radionuclides, the situation is more complicated due to the strong age-dependence of the dose factors and intake rates. For external exposure in the environment, there is little variability in dose with age, and so the dose to the representative person is based upon (a) the external exposure of an adult man to air submersion and (b) the external exposure of a child to ground deposition to account for the fact that their organs are closer to the ground.
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Dosimetric parameters for the representative person are given in Table.